AP Biology
Unit 2 Vocab & Basics
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The terms and core ideas of Cell Structure & Function: organelles, membranes, transport, tonicity, water potential, endosymbiosis and the potato lab.
63 questions across 8 sections. After every answer you’ll see why each choice is right or wrong, not just the one you picked.
Sample questions
Open a question to see the answer choices and the correct answer.
Which structure inside the nucleus assembles ribosomal subunits?
- A. Nucleolus ✓
- B. Nuclear envelope
- C. Centrosome
- D. Golgi complex
Correct answer: A. The nucleolus makes rRNA and combines it with proteins to build ribosomal subunits, which leave through nuclear pores.
Which organelle is covered in ribosomes and makes proteins that will be secreted or put into membranes?
- A. Smooth ER
- B. Lysosome
- C. Mitochondrion
- D. Rough ER ✓
Correct answer: D. Ribosomes on the rough ER thread new proteins into the ER, where they start down the secretory (endomembrane) pathway.
Which organelle makes lipids and helps detoxify drugs and poisons?
- A. Rough ER
- B. Central vacuole
- C. Smooth ER ✓
- D. Ribosome
Correct answer: C. Without ribosomes, the smooth ER specializes in lipid synthesis (like phospholipids and steroids) and detoxification, which is why liver cells have a lot of it.
Which organelle receives proteins from the ER, then modifies, sorts and packages them into vesicles?
- A. Lysosome
- B. Golgi complex ✓
- C. Nucleus
- D. Peroxisome
Correct answer: B. The Golgi works like a post office: it modifies proteins (for example, adding sugars), sorts them, and ships them in vesicles.
A membrane sac filled with hydrolytic enzymes that digest old organelles and food particles is a:
- A. Ribosome
- B. Lysosome ✓
- C. Chloroplast
- D. Centrosome
Correct answer: B. Lysosomes hold hydrolytic enzymes at an acidic pH and digest macromolecules, worn-out organelles and engulfed particles.