APUSH AMSCO Topic 4.1 Contextualizing Period 4APUSH AMSCO Topic 4.1 Contextualizing Period 4

APUSH · PERIOD4 · 1800TO1848

Contextualizing Period 4

AMSCO Topic 4.1 Study Guide

Big idea. From 1800 to 1848 the US grew in land, economy, democracy and culture, but slavery and regional differences kept growing too. This topic is a roadmap for Unit 4. Learning objective: explain the context in which the republic developed.

The five contexts (know these for any 'contextualization' question)

Theme What the book says

Territorial

growth

In 1800 the nation reached from the Atlantic to the Mississippi. By 1848 it controlled territory all the way to the Pacific

Politics and

democracy

Property ownership dropped as a voting requirement, so nearly all adult White men could vote. Nominating conventions let more people help choose candidates. Party participation expanded Reform and

revival

Public school laws, humane reform of prisons and asylums, and a religious revival (awakening). Rights and reforms still excluded American Indians, African Americans and all women

Culture and

identity

A national culture in art, literature and philosophy independent of Europe. Regional cultures still distinct: slavery shaped the South, commerce shaped the Northeast, agriculture the Midwest

Market

economy

People depended less on what they produced for themselves and bought and sold more. Government at all levels helped build roads, canals and harbors. New technology raised productivity. More men worked away from home, and women had greater control of homelife National strength and signs of division

Andrew Jackson (elected 1828 and 1832) pushed to strengthen federal power over the states. Foreign policy: promote trade (especially cotton exports) but avoid entanglement in European wars. Slavery: the cotton gin (1793) and the end of slave importation (1808) were earlier landmarks. Now the fight was over whether slavery would be allowed in newly acquired lands.

Conflict with American Indians continued as the nation expanded.

By 1848 most people had a positive view of a prosperous country, but regional differences and slavery's expansion needed to be resolved.

Landmark events, 1800 to 1848

Year Event Why it matters

1800 Election of 1800: after a heated election, Federalists hand

over power peacefully

Peaceful transfer between parties

1803 Marbury v. Madison. Louisiana Purchase Judicial review. Doubled the country's size 1808 Congress prohibits the importation of enslaved people Constitutional limit on the slave trade (allowed after 1808)

1812 War with Great Britain: the US wins respect but little else Boosts national pride and a sense of independence from Europe

1820 Congress prohibits slavery in the northern Louisiana

Territory (Missouri Compromise)

First big fight over slavery's expansion

1823 Monroe Doctrine Europeans warned to stay out of Western

Hemisphere affairs

1831 Nat Turner's slave revolt crushed Terrified slaveowners

1838 Trail of Tears Government forces Native Americans west

1848 Seneca Falls Advocates of women's rights gather in New

York

Test trap. The book's timeline says the US won respect but little else in the War of 1812. Do not call it a decisive victory.

The two 'Analyze the context' prompts

1. Context for reform movements: expanding democracy (voting without property), religious revivals (Second Great Awakening), concern about prisons, asylums and schools, and a growing middle class with new ideas about improvement.

2. Context for the market revolution: fertile western land, better roads, canals and harbors paid for by government, new technology in farming and manufacturing, and increased reliance on buying and selling.

Practice

1. How far did US territory extend in 1800, and in 1848?

2. Name two ways democracy expanded in this period.

3. Who was still excluded from reforms and rights?

4. What is the market revolution?

5. Which president led efforts to solidify federal power over the states in this period? 6. What was the main sectional conflict over slavery by this period?

7. Match: 1803, 1820, 1823, 1838.

8. Which event in 1848 is a landmark for women's rights?

9. SAQ-style: ONE regional difference by 1848.

10. LEQ thesis starter: evaluate the extent of national unity, 1800 to 1848. Answers

1. Atlantic to the Mississippi in 1800. All the way to the Pacific by 1848. 2. Dropping property requirements so nearly all adult White men could vote, and nominating conventions.

3. American Indians, African Americans, and all women.

4. The shift to a market economy in which people bought and sold more and made less for themselves, driven by land, transportation and technology.

5. Andrew Jackson (elected 1828 and 1832).

6. Whether slavery would be allowed to expand into newly acquired lands.

7. Louisiana Purchase and Marbury v. Madison; slavery banned in northern Louisiana Territory; Monroe Doctrine; Trail of Tears.

8. The Seneca Falls convention in New York.

9. South: slavery. Northeast: commerce and manufacturing. Midwest: agriculture. 10. Strong claim: economic growth, territorial expansion and shared culture built unity, but slavery and regional economies produced growing division.